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Background Both domestic and foreign studies on the diet quality of patients with thyroid nodules are rare at present, and the relationship between thyroid nodules and diet quality is still unclear. Objective This study aims to evaluate the diet quality of thyroid nodules with the China Healthy Diet Index (CHDI) and to explore the relationship between diet quality and thyroid nodules. Methods We conducted a hospital-based case-control study in which 387 patients with thyroid nodules were matched individually (1∶1) by gender and age (±3 years) to the controls who ordered a routine physical examine and with negative thyroid nodules reported by B-ultrasound in the same hospital. A structured questionnaire was applied to collect data on general characteristics and diet. CHDI was employed to evaluate the diet quality of the two groups. CHDI is based on the Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents and the recommended food intake in the balanced diet pagoda, combined with the dietary nutritional status of Chinese population. The index contains 13 scoring components, and the highest total score is 100, with a higher score representing better dietary quality. CHDI scores < 60, 60-<80, and ≥80 are recognized as unqualified, qualified, and good diet quality, respectively. Results The scores of the thyroid nodule cases were lower than the scores of the controls in total vegetables, dark vegetables, fruits, and fish/shrimps (all Ps<0.05). The nonparametric test results found that there were significant differences in the distributions of scores in total vegetables, dark vegetables, fruits, soybeans, and fish/shrimps between the case and the control groups (all Ps<0.05). The percentages reaching the full scores in food variety, meat and eggs, and empty calories in both groups exceeded 60%, while the percentages reaching the full scores in whole grains/beans/tubers, dairy, soybeans, and sodium were lower than 30% in the two groups. The median CHDI scores of the thyroid nodule cases and the controls were 69.1 and 72.9, respectively; the cases' CHDI score was lower than the controls' (P<0.05). The proportions of unqualified diet in the case and the control groups accounted for 23.0% and 13.7% respectively (P=0.001). After being adjusted for education level, marital status, occupation, monthly household income per capita, body mass index, hypertension/diabetes, energy, and iodine intake, the results of logistic regression analysis showed that the risk for thyroid nodules was negatively associated with CHDI score (CHDI qualified group vs. CHDI unqualified group, OR=0.484, 95%CI: 0.291-0.804; CHDI good dietary quality group vs. CHDI unqualified group, OR=0.414, 95%CI: 0.230−0.746). Conclusion The diet quality of patients with thyroid nodules is lower than that of the control group, as the former reported lower consumptions of total vegetables, dark vegetables, fruits, and fish/shrimps. Those who have good or qualified diet quality show a reduced risk of thyroid nodules than those with unqualified dietary quality.
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Background Papillary thyroid cancer is the result of a variety of pathogenic factors. The prevalence of papillary thyroid cancer varies greatly in different regions, and the disease is more harmful to women. Objective This study aims to explore the relationship between reproductive factors and papillary thyroid cancer, and to provide basic data for prevention and control of the disease. Methods A 1∶1 age (±3 years) matched case-control study was conducted in 331 pairs of newly confirmed papillary thyroid cancer cases and controls from two hospitals in Shanghai from November 2012 to December 2013. Comparisons were made in the history of menstruation, pregnancy, gynecological and breast diseases, and other variables between the two groups. Results The results of univariate analysis indicated that the proportions of education below bachelor degree, married, and mainly manual workers in the case group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05); the proportion of those with a family history of thyroid diseases in the case group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05); the proportions of the cases with irregular menstruation (77.34%), a history of using oral contraceptive or hormone drugs (24.77%), a history of benign gynecological diseases (31.72%), and a history of gynecological surgery (9.67%) were significantly higher than the proportions in the control group (P<0.05). After adjusting potential confounding factors such as history of CT examination, age, kinds of family salt, total iodine intake every day, education level, occupation, marital status, body mass index, and family history of thyroid diseases, the results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed that irregular menstruation (OR=1.767, 95%CI: 1.122-2.782; P=0.014), surgical menopause (OR=12.787, 95%CI: 3.202-51.057; P<0.001), pregnancy >1 time (OR =2.490, 95%CI: 1.196-5.184; P=0.015), and the history of using oral contraceptive or hormone drugs (OR=2.389, 95%CI: 1.338-4.268; P=0.003) were the risk factors of papillary thyroid cancer. Conclusion Irregular menstruation, surgical menopause, history of pregnancy, and history of using oral contraceptive or hormone drugs might be the risk factors of papillary thyroid cancer. To reduce the incidence of papillary thyroid cancer, strengthened health education and rational use of contraceptives are recommended.
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Objective:To explore the relationship between personality traits and procrastination in young people and the mediating role of self-control.Methods:A total of 344 college students (191 males and 153 females) were assessed with the Mini-IPIP Scale (Mini-IPIP), Dual-Mode of Self-Control Scale (DMSC-S, including control system and impulse system) and General Procrastination Scale (GPS).Results:The GPS scores were negatively correlated with scores of agreeableness subscale and conscientiousness subscale (r=-0.13, -0.53, Ps＜0.05), and positively correlated with scores of neuroticism subscales (r=0.27, P＜0.01).The structural equation modeling supported the impulse system fully mediated the relationship between neuroticism and procrastination (η2=0.15, 95％CI=0.02-0.25), and those two systems partly mediated the relationship between conscientiousness and procrastination (η2=0.20, 0.20;95％CI=-0.38——0.05, -0.70——0.24).Conclusion:The relationship between youth personality and procrastination may be mediated by a dual system of self-control.Additionally, the degree to how self-control affects the relationship between big five personality trait and procrastination is different under the different types of personality.
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Objective To investigate the vitamin B 12 status of vegetarians in Shanghai.Methods A total of 282 adult vegetarians and 282 omnivores matching by gender and age were recruited in Shanghai.Their dietary intakes were collected.The serum concentrations of vitamin B12,folate and homocysteine were tested.The red blood cell,hematocrit value,mean corpuscular volume and mean erythrocyte width were also examined.Results The daily average intake of dietary vitamin B12 was (0.46± 1.01) μg/d in vegetarians and only (0.1±0.46) μg/d in vegans,which was lower than that of omnivores [(3.91±6.92) μg/d,F=50.57,P＜0.01].137 omnivores and 274 vegetarians had less dietary vitamin B12 level than recommended nutrient intake (RNI) and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =114.77,P＜ 0.01).54.26％ of vegetarians,68.92％ vegans,49.04％ ovo-lacto vegetarians and 15.60％ omnivores had hyperhomocysteinemia and the differences between vegetarians and omnivores were statistically significant (all P＜0.01).After adjusting the confounding factors the hematocrit value was higher in vegetarians,vegans and ovo-lacto vegetarians than in omnivores (27.42％± 18.32％,28.73％± 18.19％,26.95％± 18.38％ vs.8.96％± 16.59％,P＜0.01).Vegans had lower red blood cell counts and higher hematocrit value and mean corpuscular volume than omnivores.Conclusion Vitamin B12 deficiency combined with an elevated level of homocysteine and red blood cell volume growth are common but serious issue in vegetarians,especially in vegans.
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Objective To explore the CT and MRI imaging and clinicopathological features of extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma (NK/TCL). Methods Sixty-six patients with NK/TCL diagnosed from 2002 June to 2016 April in Beijing Tongren Hospital with intact CT and/or MRI imaging results were enrolled in this study. All the patients had tailed clinical information and follow-up. The imaging and clinicopathological features were analyzed retrospectively and their prognostic value on overall survival was analyzed. Results There were 49 males and 17 females with median age of 42 years. The median follow-up time was 18 months. The cases showed surrounding invasions including 10 cases (15.2 %) in soft palate, 5 cases (7.6 %) in hard palate, 2 cases(3.0 %) in tonsil, 8 cases(12.1 %) in upper lip, 13 cases(19.7 %) in maxillofacial soft tissue, 9 cases (13.6 %) in eyelid, 10 cases (15.2 %) in orbital, 3 cases (4.5 %) in maxilla, 6 cases (9.1 %) in pterygopalatine fossa,6 cases(9.1 %)in infratemporal fossa,3 cases(4.5 %)in skull base, 3 cases(4.5 %) in eyeball and 2 cases (3.0 %) in brain tissue. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis found that the 2-year overall survival rates of the patients with the involvement of hard palate, upper lip, maxillofacial soft tissue, eyelid, orbital, maxillary, eyeball and brain organizer were lower than those of the patients without the involvement of these sites(χ2values were 4.470,4.041,4.456,13.933,8.986,4.000,44.121,6.527,16.822,respectively, all P< 0.05). Further multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that maxilla and brain involvement were independent adverse factors (RR=34.717, 95 % CI 3.404-354.035, P=0.003; RR=37.545, 95 % CI 3.188-442.187, P= 0.004). Conclusions MRI and CT examinations are of great value in diagnosis and prognostic assessment of NK/TCL. Clinicians can make correct and timely diagnosis by comprehensive clinical, radiological and pathological features and can make a detailed clinical assessment to give patients appropriate treatment,thus improving the outcome of the NK/TCL patients.
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The expression of CD107a,NKG2D on the surface of natural killer (NK) cells and serum soluble major histocompatibility complex class Ⅰ chain-related A (sMICA) level in patients with extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma,nasal type (ENKL) were detected.We found that CD107a expression was reduced on the surface of NK cells,suggesting impaired NK cell activity in ENKL patients,which may result from decreased NKG2D expression.
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Objective To explore the clinical significance of the serum Epstein-Barr virus determined nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1)/latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) in patients with extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma,nasal type (ENKL).Methods The serum EBNA1 and LMP1 were detected by realtime PCR in 36 ENKL patients hospitalized in Beijing Tongren Hospital from August 2010 to August 2013.Twenty healthy volunteers were recruited as controls.Results The median serum EBNA1 was 1.9 × 104 (ranged from 0 to 11.0 × 104) copies/μl in ENKL patients and 8.0 (ranged from 0 to 43.8) copies/μl in healthy volunteers.The median serum LMP1 was 3.9 × 103 (ranged from 118.3 to 24.0 × 103) copies/μl in ENKL patients and 3.3 (ranged from 0 to 33.3) copies/μl in healthy volunteers.Both EBNA1 and LMP1 were higher in ENKL patients than healthy volunteers (all P ＜ 0.01).The median EBNA1 and LMP1 in ENKL patients posttreatment were 1.0 × 103 (ranged from 0 to 2.0 × 103) copies/μl and 300.8(ranged from 0 to 825.7) copies/μl respectively,which were both significantly decreased than pretreatment (all P ＜ 0.05).The EBNA1 and LMP1 were decreased in effective treatment group versus ineffective treatment group (P ＜0.05).The serum EBNA1 and LMP1 were positively correlated with lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) level (r =0.364,0.546 ; P =0.040,0.012).Conclusions (1) The measurement of EBNA1/LMP1 may be useful in evaluating the therapeutic effect.(2)The serum EBNA1/LMP1 may reflect the tumor load in ENKL patients.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical significance of peripheral blood regulatory T cell (Treg) population in patients with extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKL).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The peripheral blood CD4+CD25+ Treg cell population was detected by flow cytometry in 41 newly diagnosed ENKL patients between March 2009 and December 2012.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The proportion of CD4+CD25+ Treg cell population increased in ENKL patients compared to healthy donors [(9.64±4.96)% vs(7.31±3.02)%, P<0.05], and decreased significantly after treatment [(5.18±2.19)%, P<0.01]. Patients when got response had significantly lower proportion of Treg cells [(8.79±4.15)%] as compared with those without response [(14.57±6.73)%, P<0.05]. The proportion of Treg population was positively related to the serum lactate dehydrogenass level.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The proportion of peripheral blood Treg cells may be helpful for predicting prognosis and therapeutic efficacy in ENKL patients.</p>
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Humans , CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes , Allergy and Immunology , CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes , Flow Cytometry , Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit , Allergy and Immunology , Lymphoma, T-Cell , Diagnosis , Allergy and Immunology , PrognosisABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effects of overexpression of heat shock protein 22(HSP22) in hematopoietic malignant tumor cell lines.Methods A lentiviral system was used to mediate transduction of HSP22 complementary DNA-containing expression vector or empty vector into K562 and Namalwa cells.The transduction effeciency was tested by fluorescence microscope scan and flow cytometry.Semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot were used to identify the expression levels of HSP22 mRNA and protein.Growth curve analysis,cell cycle analysis,colony-forming assay,tumor growth in nude mice and apoptosis analysis were used to evaluate the role of HSP22 in K562 and Namalwa cells.Results Lentivector expression systemmediated delivery of HSP22 into K562 and Namalwa cells can inhibit colony forming of K562 and Namalwa cells,the average numbers of colonies per well were 108,72,125 and 80 for K562-V,K562-H,Namalwa-V and Namalwa-H respectively (P =0.000 16 and 0.000 37 for K562 and Namalwa respectively).HSP22 transduction can also inhibit proliferation of Namalwa cells in vitro (P =0.015,0.042 and 0.048 for day 5,6 and 7 respectively) and K562 cells in vivo (P =0.022 for day 21).No significant difference in cell cycle and apoptosis was found in K562 and Namalwa cells compared with controls (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Overexpression of HSP22 could inhibit the growth of hematopoietic malignant tumor cell lines K562 and Namalwa.
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Objective To investigate the effects and possible mechanisms of decitabine on heat-shock protein 22 (HSP22) expression in hematopoietic tumor cell lines and bone marrow samples from patients with hematopoietic tumor.Methods The expression of HSP22 in 13 hematopoietic tumor cell lines,20 primary patients' samples and 10 normal donor' samples were detected by semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).After HSP22 induction with a demethylating agent decitabine (2 μmol/L),the methylation of the HSP22 promoters in hematopoietic tumor cell lines,healthy donors and bone marrow samples from patients with hematopoietic tumor were detected by methylation specific PCR (MSP).Results Expression of HSP22 was not detected in 13 hematopoietic tumor cell lines,20 primary patients' samples or 10 healthy donors' samples.Decitabine can induce the expression of HSP22 in hematopoietic tumor cell lines and bone marrow samples from patients with hematopoietic tumor.Decitabine can maintain partially demethylation of HSP22 promoters in hematopoietic tumor cell lines.HSP22 promoters were highly methylated in BMMC of the healthy donors and patients with hcmatopoictic tumor.Conclusion Decitabine can induce the expression of HSP22 in hematopoietic tumor cells partly by demethylation of HSP22 promoters.